Lifestyle Factors and Hypertension among Adolescents: a Cross-Sectional Study
Kata Kunci:
Adolescent health, hypertension, lifestyleAbstrak
Background: Hypertension is an increasing health issue among adolescents and may lead to early cardiovascular morbidity if not detected early. Lifestyle behaviors such as diet, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) are strongly associated with adolescent blood pressure levels.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March–April 2025 among 120 adolescents aged 15–18 years in senior high schools in Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on lifestyle (diet, physical activity, smoking) and blood pressure measurement using a digital sphygmomanometer. Chi-square test was used to analyze associations between lifestyle factors and hypertension.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension among participants was 14.2%. Hypertension was significantly associated with overweight/obesity (p=0.001), low physical activity (p=0.012), and high-salt diet (p=0.021). No significant association was found with smoking (p=0.165).
Conclusion: Lifestyle factors such as BMI, physical activity, and diet are strongly associated with hypertension among adolescents. Preventive interventions through school-based education and routine screening are essential to reduce long-term cardiovascular risks
Referensi
American Academy of Pediatrics. 2017. Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 140(3), e20171904.
Dong, Y., Song, Y., Zou, Z., Ma, J. & Ma, Y. 2022. Prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 40(2), pp. 234–245.
Kemenkes RI. 2018. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Lo, J.C., Sinaiko, A.R., Chandra, M. & Daley, M.F. 2020. Prehypertension and hypertension in community-based pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 145(6), e20200211.
Miller, M.A., Kruisbrink, M., Wallace, J., Ji, C. & Cappuccio, F.P. 2021. Sleep duration and incidence of obesity in infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep, 44(5), zsab013.
Patel, N. & Walker, R. 2022. Pediatric hypertension: underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Current Hypertension Reports, 24(6), pp. 275–283.
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Qi, X. & Patidar, R. 2019. Childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States: a public health concern. Global Pediatric Health, 6, 1–11.
Spruill, T.M. 2020. Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 22(3), pp. 1–10.
World Health Organization. 2020. Guideline on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: WHO.
Yang, L., Magnussen, C.G., Yang, L. & Bovet, P. 2021. Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review. Hypertension, 77(6), pp. 1936–1944
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
