ANTIBIOTIC USE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA AT A PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTER IN NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA

Roy Ryanto Pratama; Maulana Arif M

doi:10.31983/juk.v6i1.14434

Authors

Roy Ryanto Pratama Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Science, Institute of Technology Science and Health RS dr Soepraoen Kesdam V/Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Maulana Arif M Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Science, Institute of Technology Science and Health RS dr Soepraoen Kesdam V/Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31983/juk.v6i1.14434

Keywords:

Acute Diarrhea, Antibiotic Use, Children, Dehydration, Primary Health Care

Abstract

Acute diarrhea remains a common cause of childhood morbidity, and inappropriate antibiotic use is still a concern in primary care. This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with antibiotic use in children with acute diarrhea. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wayabula Primary Health Care Center, Pulau Morotai, involving 53 medical records. Variables included gender, age, and degree of dehydration. Data were analyzed descriptively and using Fisher’s exact test. Most children were male (62.3%) and under five years (83.0%), with antibiotics prescribed in 11.3% of cases. Antibiotic use was not associated with gender or age (p = 1.000) but was significantly associated with dehydration (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that antibiotic use is influenced by clinical severity rather than demographic factorsTop of Form

References

Abdoli, A., & Maspi, N. (2018). Commentary: estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Frontiers in medicine, 5, 11.

Auta, A., Hadi, M. A., Oga, E., Adewuyi, E. O., Abdu-Aguye, S. N., Adeloye, D., Strickland-Hodge, B., & Morgan, D. J. (2019). Global access to antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection, 78(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.07.001

Awuor, A. O., Ogwel, B., Powell, H., Verani, J. R., Sow, S. O., Hossain, M. J., Ochieng, J. B., Juma, J., Jamka, L. P., Roose, A., Doh, S., Deichsel, E. L., Onwuchekwa, U., Keita, A. M., Antonio, M., Jones, J. C. M., Zaman, S. M. A., Badji, H., Kasumba, I. N., … Kotloff, K. L. (2023). Antibiotic-Prescribing Practices for Management of Childhood Diarrhea in 3 Sub-Saharan African Countries : Findings From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa ( VIDA ) Study , 2015 – 2018. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 76(IMCI), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac980

Dereje, B., Yibabie, S., Keno, Z., & Megersa, A. (2023). Antibiotic utilization pattern in treatment of acute diarrheal diseases: the case of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 16(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-023-00568-7

Fink, G., D’Acremont, V., Leslie, H. H., & Cohen, J. (2020). Antibiotic exposure among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative facility-based and household-based surveys. The Lancet infectious diseases, 20(2), 179–187.

Ghosh, P. K., Jannat, K. K. E., Islam, A., Shanta, I. S., & Munisul, K. (2019). Factors contributing to antibiotic use among children younger than five years old with fever , acute respiratory illness , and diarrhea in Bangladesh. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.17891

Hassan, M. Z., Monjur, M. R., Biswas, M. A. A. J., Chowdhury, F., Kafi, M. A. H., Braithwaite, J., Jaffe, A., & Homaira, N. (2021). Antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in Bangladesh: a population-based survey. BMJ Global Health, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004010

Hoa, N. Q., Thi Lan, P., Phuc, H. D., Chuc, N. T. K., & Stalsby Lundborg, C. (2017). Antibiotic prescribing and dispensing for acute respiratory infections in children: effectiveness of a multi-faceted intervention for health-care providers in Vietnam. Global Health Action, 10(1), 1327638.

Id, G. S., Id, P. A., Nafade, V., Id, G. G., Id, B. D., Id, A. D., Id, J. Das, Gandra, S., & Id, M. P. (2020). PLOS MEDICINE Antibiotic prescription practices in primary care in low- and middle-income countries : A systematic review and meta-analysis. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003139

Lanyero, H., Ocan, M., Obua, C., Stålsby Lundborg, C., Nanzigu, S., Katureebe, A., N. Kalyango, J., & Eriksen, J. (2021). Antibiotic use among children under five years with diarrhea in rural communities of Gulu, northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1254. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11254-1

Li, R., Xiao, F., Zheng, X., Yang, H., Wang, L., Yin, D., Yin, T., Xin, Q., & Chen, B. (2016). Antibiotic misuse among children with diarrhea in China: results from a national survey. PeerJ, 4, e2668.

Omona, S., Malinga, G. M., Opoke, R., Openy, G., & Opiro, R. (2020). Prevalence of diarrhoea and associated risk factors among children under five years old in Pader District, northern Uganda. BMC infectious diseases, 20(1), 37.

Sulis, G., Adam, P., Nafade, V., Gore, G., Daniels, B., Daftary, A., Das, J., Gandra, S., & Pai, M. (2020). Antibiotic prescription practices in primary care in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 17(6), e1003139.

Tekleab et al. (2017). Antibiotic prescribing practice in the management of cough or diarrhea among children attending hospitals in Addis Ababa : a cross-sectional study. 93–98.

Troeger, C., Blacker, B. F., Khalil, I. A., Rao, P. C., Cao, S., Zimsen, S. R. M., Albertson, S. B., Stanaway, J. D., Deshpande, A., & Abebe, Z. (2018). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1211–1228.

Wang, T., Viet, T. Le, Son, T. T., van Doorn, R., Zheng, C., Makuka, G. J., & Lewycka, S. (2019). Social and Health Seeking Determinants of Antibiotic Use in Vietnamese Children Under 5: Analysis of National Household Survey Data. medRxiv, 19013292.

White, A., & Hughes, J. M. (2019). Critical importance of a one health approach to antimicrobial resistance. EcoHealth, 16(3), 404–409.

WHO. (2019). Exploratory meeting to review new evidence for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) danger signs: Geneva, Switzerland 4–5 September 2018. World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (2017). Diarrhoeal disease fact sheet. World Heal Organ Media Cent, 1–4.

World Health Organization. (2020). Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2020. World Health Organization.