1 Criteria for Authorship

To qualify for authorship, contributors must meet all four of the following criteria (based on ICMJE recommendations):

• Make substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
• Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
• Provide final approval of the version to be published.
• Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work and ensure that questions concerning its accuracy or integrity are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Individuals who do not meet all four criteria should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section with their permission.

2 Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office throughout submission, peer review, revision, and publication. The corresponding author must ensure that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript, agreed to its submission, and provided accurate information about their names, affiliations, and contributions.

3 Author Contributions

Authors should describe their individual contributions accurately. Where appropriate, the journal encourages the use of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to identify contributions such as conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, writing, supervision, and project administration.

4 Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be sent to the editorial office with a clear explanation. Written agreement from all authors concerned, including authors being added or removed, must be provided. All changes are subject to editorial approval.

5 Unacceptable Authorship Practices

Guest authorship, gift authorship, and ghost authorship are strictly unacceptable. Authorship must not be granted solely because of professional position, seniority, institutional affiliation, or funding provision. Individuals who have made qualifying contributions must not be inappropriately excluded from the author list.

6 Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of scholarly work. Authors who use generative AI must comply with the journal's AI Use Policy and remain fully responsible for all submitted content.

7 Ethical Responsibility

All authors must ensure that their work is original, accurately reported, appropriately referenced, and compliant with applicable research ethics requirements. Authorship disputes will be handled according to the journal's publication ethics policies and, where appropriate, in consultation with the relevant institution.