1 Authors

Authors must disclose relevant financial and non-financial relationships, including employment, consultancy, honoraria, research funding, institutional support, professional relationships, personal relationships, or other interests related to the submitted work.

All authors are responsible for ensuring that disclosures are accurate and complete. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors should include the following statement:

2 Editors

Editors must disclose and appropriately manage conflicts that may compromise their impartiality. An editor who has a relevant personal, professional, financial, or academic conflict must not make decisions concerning the affected manuscript. The manuscript should be assigned to another qualified editor.

3 Peer Reviewers

Reviewers must disclose circumstances that could affect their objectivity, including close personal relationships, recent collaboration, direct competition, financial interests, or other relevant professional relationships with the authors. Reviewers who cannot provide an impartial assessment should decline the review or inform the editorial team.

4 Funding Disclosure

Authors must identify funding sources, grants, sponsorship, or institutional support relevant to the research. Where applicable, the manuscript should explain the funder's role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, and the decision to submit the work for publication.

5 Management of Conflicts

The editorial team evaluates disclosed conflicts and determines appropriate measures to preserve a fair editorial process. These measures may include reassignment of editorial responsibilities, appointment of alternative reviewers, requests for additional disclosures, or other proportionate actions.

6 Transparency and Compliance

Relevant disclosures must be included in the manuscript according to the journal's submission requirements. Failure to disclose a relevant conflict may result in editorial action, including requests for clarification, rejection, correction, or other measures consistent with the journal's publication ethics policies.

Editorial decisions must be based on scholarly merit, relevance, originality, methodological quality, and compliance with ethical standards, rather than on undisclosed competing interests.