This journal upholds a strict anti-plagiarism policy to guarantee the originality, authenticity, and scholarly integrity of all published works. We are committed to disseminating original research and adhere to the highest standards of publication ethics. This policy outlines the journal’s definition of plagiarism, the procedures used to identify it, and the actions taken when plagiarism is detected. Authors submitting manuscripts to this journal affirm that their work is original, properly cited, and free from all forms of plagiarism.

Plagiarism refers to presenting another person’s ideas, words, data, or creative work as one’s own without proper acknowledgment or permission. Acts that constitute plagiarism include, but are not limited to:

• Directly copying text, phrases, or substantial portions of another’s work without quotation marks and proper citation.
• Paraphrasing another person’s work too closely without sufficient attribution.
• Using tables, figures, datasets, or research outcomes from other sources without acknowledgment or permission.
• Presenting another person’s ideas, theories, or interpretations as original contributions.
• Self-plagiarism or redundant publication, where significant parts of one’s own previously published work are reused without citation or justification.

Plagiarism is a serious violation of academic and publication ethics. This journal expects all authors to cite the ideas and work of others with rigorous accuracy.

1. Screening: All newly submitted manuscripts undergo a plagiarism screening prior to peer review.
2. Tool Used: The journal employs Turnitin, a widely recognized plagiarism detection system, to assess text similarity.
3. Similarity Index Threshold: Manuscripts with a similarity index above 20% are subject to additional editorial scrutiny. Editors carefully interpret similarity scores rather than relying solely on numeric values.
4. Exclusions:
   • Reference lists and bibliographies.
   • Properly cited, verbatim quotations enclosed in quotation marks.
   • Commonly used technical terms or methodological descriptions.
5. Consequences of Plagiarism:

   Before Publication: Manuscripts found to contain plagiarism will be rejected. For severe cases, the authors' institutions may be notified.

   After Publication: If plagiarism is confirmed in a published article, the journal will retract the article, issue a retraction notice, and inform the authors' institutions.

1. Submission Screening: All manuscripts are screened through Turnitin immediately after submission.
2. Report Evaluation: Editors closely examine similarity reports. Overlaps are assessed for context, legitimacy, and citation accuracy.
3. Author Responsibility: Authors must ensure that all submitted content is original, accurately cited, and that permissions have been obtained for any copyrighted material.
4. Handling Suspected Cases: Authors will be contacted for clarification if plagiarism is suspected. Cases are resolved following COPE guidelines.
5. Transparency: Authors may request clarification regarding similarity reports and plagiarism-checking procedures.
6. Continuous Improvement: The journal periodically updates its plagiarism policy to reflect evolving best practices in scholarly publishing.