Penilaian Risiko Ergonomi Metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment pada Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15094Kata Kunci:
Ergonomi, Gangguan muskuloskeletal, Penilaian postur kerja, Tenaga kesehatan puskesmas, Rapid entire body assessmentAbstrak
Gangguan muskuloskeletal (MSDs) merupakan masalah kesehatan kerja utama pada tenaga kesehatan di fasilitas pelayanan primer. Puskesmas Tlogosari Wetan belum pernah melakukan penilaian risiko ergonomi secara sistematis meskipun tenaga kesehatannya menjalankan berbagai aktivitas fisik berisiko tinggi setiap hari. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tingkat risiko ergonomi postur kerja tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Tlogosari Wetan Semarang menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan merumuskan rekomendasi intervensi berbasis hierarki pengendalian. Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Dua puluh tenaga kesehatan dari 9 profesi diobservasi menggunakan total sampling. Setiap responden dinilai pada satu postur kerja paling representatif menggunakan lembar kerja REBA yang mencakup seluruh segmen tubuh (leher, punggung, kaki, lengan atas, lengan bawah, dan pergelangan tangan) tanpa pengecualian, disertai penilaian beban kerja, coupling, dan aktivitas. Dari 20 postur yang dinilai (80% responden perempuan), skor REBA berkisar 3–11 (rerata 5,5; SD 2,28; 95% CI: 4,43–6,57). Distribusi risiko: rendah 2 postur (10,0%), sedang 15 postur (75,0%), tinggi 2 postur (10,0%), sangat tinggi 1 postur (5,0%). Skor tertinggi (REBA 11) ditemukan pada tindakan luka bersama perawat dan dokter. Faktor risiko dominan: fleksi punggung dan leher berlebih (>20–60°) pada 85% postur, elevasi bahu pada 75% postur, dan beban statis-repetitif pada 100% postur. Seluruh postur memerlukan perhatian ergonomi. Intervensi bertahap berdasarkan hierarki pengendalian NIOSH direkomendasikan segera: engineering control (meja adjustable, hi-low bed, kursi ergonomis, loupes), administrative control (micro-breaks, rotasi tugas), dan APD (wrist support, headlamp).
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