Is Environmental Sanitation as A Trigger Factor Leading to Stunting?
Abstract
Background: Stunting became a chronic malnutrition issue that illustrates a growth failure. The prevalence of stunting is around 31-35%, which Demak contributes to 6,82% of children under five with stunting.
Purpose: The major aim of the study was to determine the relationship between environmental sanitation with stunting.
Methods: The study design used a cross-sectional community-based survey. The population was 32 mothers with stunting children under five years, and there were 30 wholes who were eligible for inclusion criteria. Data were collected by proportional random sampling, and data analysis performed a descriptive analysis dan chi-square test.
Results: Environmental sanitation contributes to stunting (p=0,002 < 0,005). This study found that environmental sanitation such as water and house characteristics, and domestic waste disposal have significant factors leading to stunting.
Conclusion: Good water, sanitation, and hygiene practice are related to stunting. The mother and family needily to keep a healthy environment to prevent stunts.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ademas, A., Adane, M., Keleb, A., Berihun, G., & Tesfaw, G. (2021). Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01128-y
Aguayo, V. M., & Menon, P. (2016). Stop stunting: Improving child feeding, women’s nutrition and household sanitation in South Asia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12283
Aguilera Vasquez, N., & Daher, J. (2019). Do nutrition and cash-based interventions and policies aimed at reducing stunting have an impact on economic development of low-and-middle-income countries? A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1419. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7677-1
Annisa, N., Sumiaty, S., & Tondong, H. I. (2019). Hubungan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan ASI Eksklusif dengan Stunting pada Baduta Usia 7-24 Bulan. Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC), 2(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.33860/jbc.v2i2.198
Apriani, L. (2018). Hubungan Karakteristik Ibu, Pelaksanaan Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) Dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (Phbs) Dengan Kejadian Stunting (Studi Kasus Pada Baduta 6 - 23 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pucang Sawit Kota Surakarta). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(4), 198–205.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Beckmann, J., Lang, C., du Randt, R., Gresse, A., Long, K. Z., Ludyga, S., Müller, I., Nqweniso, S., Pühse, U., Utzinger, J., Walter, C., & Gerber, M. (2021). Prevalence of stunting and relationship between stunting and associated risk factors with academic achievement and cognitive function: A cross-sectional study with South African primary school children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084218
Bella, F. D., Fajar, N. A., & Misnaniarti. (2020). Hubungan antara Pola Asuh Keluarga dengan Kejadian Balita Stunting pada Keluarga Miskin di Palembang. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas, 5(1), 15–22.
Bolte, E. E., & Aagaard, K. M. (2020). Turning the “Phage” on Malnutrition and Stunting. Cell Host and Microbe, 27(2), 159–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.020
Budge, S., Parker, A. H., Hutchings, P. T., & Garbutt, C. (2019). Environmental enteric dysfunction and child stunting. Nutrition Reviews, 77(4), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy068
C.P.C., S., R.A., de O., & D.F., P. (2016). Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 134(3), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2015.02271211
Cahyono F., Manongga S.P., P. I. (2016). Faktor Penentu Stunting Anak Balita Pada. Jurnal Gizi Pangan, 11(1), 9–18.
Cumming, O., & Cairncross, S. (2016). Can water, sanitation and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12258
Damayanti, R. A., Muniroh, L., & Farapti, F. (2017). Perbedaan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gizi Dan Riwayat Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Pada Balita Stunting Dan Non Stunting. Media Gizi Indonesia, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v11i1.61-69
Das, R., Haque, M. A., Chisti, M. J., Ahmed, T., & Faruque, A. S. G. (2022). Nontyphoidal Salmonella among Children under 5 Years Old in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 106(2), 504–512. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0762
Das, S., Fahim, S. M., Alam, M. A., Mahfuz, M., Bessong, P., Mduma, E., Kosek, M., Shrestha, S. K., & Ahmed, T. (2021). Not water, sanitation and hygiene practice, but timing of stunting is associated with recovery from stunting at 24 months: Results from a multi-country birth cohort study. Public Health Nutrition, 24(6), 1428–1437. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898002000004X
de Onis, M., & Branca, F. (2016). Childhood stunting: A global perspective. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12, 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12231
Desyanti, C., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Diare dan Praktik Higiene dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simolawang, Surabaya. Amerta Nutrition, 1(3), 243. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i3.6251
Fitri, L. (2018). Hubungan Bblr Dan Asi Ekslusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Di Puskesmas Lima Puluh Pekanbaru. Jurnal Endurance, 3(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v3i1.1767
Gordon, J. R., & Maule, C. J. (1989). What’s at stake. Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal, 122(2), 74–76, 78. https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758898.003.0006
Hamed, A., Hegab, A., & Roshdy, E. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with stunting among school children in Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), 787–793. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.047
Hijrawati, Usman, A. N., Syarif, S., Hadju, V., As’ad, S., & Baso, Y. S. (2021). Use of technology for monitoring the development of nutritional status 1000 hpk in stunting prevention in Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S231–S234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.028
Kang, Y., Aguayo, V. M., Campbell, R. K., & West, K. P. (2018). Association between stunting and early childhood development among children aged 36–59 months in South Asia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14(August), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12684
Kullu, V. M., Yasnani, & Lestari, H. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Desa Wawatu Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Tahun 2017. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(2), 1–11.
Kwami, C. S., Godfrey, S., Gavilan, H., Lakhanpaul, M., & Parikh, P. (2019). Water, sanitation, and hygiene: Linkages with stunting in rural Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203793
Laili, A. N. (2019). Pengaruh Sanitasi Di Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Jurnal Kebidanan, 8(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.47560/keb.v8i1.192
Marni, L. (2020). Dampak Kualitas Sanitasi Lingkungan Terhadap stunting. Jurnal Stamina, 3(12), 865–872.
Mehmood, Z., Afzal, T., Khan, N., Ahmed, B., Ali, L., Khan, A., Muhammad, J., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Zakki, S. A., Xu, J., & Shu, Y. (2022). Prevalence-and-determinants-of-stunting-among-preschool-and-schoolgoing-children-in-the-floodaffected-areas-of-Pakistan--Prevalncia-e-determinantes-da-baixa-estatura-entre-crianas-em-idade-prescolar-e-em-idade-esc.pdf. 82, 1–9.
Mentari, S., & Hermansyah, A. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Status Stunting Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Upk Puskesmas Siantan Hulu. Pontianak Nutrition Journal (PNJ), 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30602/pnj.v1i1.275
Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., Widyaningsih, V., Gebremedhin, T. A., Miranti, R., & Wiyono, V. H. (2021). Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 16(11 November), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265
Musaiger, A. O., Hassan, A. S., & Obeid, O. (2011). The paradox of nutrition-related diseases in the Arab countries: The need for action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3637–3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093637
Nahar, B., Hossain, M., Mahfuz, M., Islam, M. M., Hossain, M. I., Murray-Kolb, L. E., Seidman, J. C., & Ahmed, T. (2020). Early childhood development and stunting: Findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study in Bangladesh. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12864
Niswatul, M., & Marjan, W. (2020). Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Rt 08 , 13 dan 14 Kelurahan Mesjid Kecamatan Samarinda Seberang 2019. Borneo Student Research, 1(2), 750–754.
Ogasawara, K., & Inoue, T. (2018). Long-run effects of early childhood exposure to cholera on final height: Evidence from industrializing Japan. SSM - Population Health, 4(July 2017), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.11.009
Rahayu, B., & Darmawan, S. (2019). Hubungan Karakteristik Balita, Orang Tua, Higiene Dan Sanitasi Lingkungan Terhadap Stunting Pada Balita. Binawan Student Journal, 1(1), 22–27. http://journal.binawan.ac.id/bsj/article/view/46
Vilcins, D., Sly, P. D., & Jagals, P. (2018). What it is and what it means | Concern Worldwide U.S. Annals of Global Health, 84(4), 551–562. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328753452_Environmental_Risk_Factors_Associated_with_Child_Stunting_A_Systematic_Review_of_the_Literature/link/5be0eca1299bf1124fbe13fd/download
Wellina, W. F., Kartasurya, M. I., & Rahfiludin, M. Z. (2016). Faktor risiko stunting pada anak umur 12-24 bulan. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition), 5(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.5.1.55-61
WHO. (2015). On setting and implementing a stunting reduction agenda. Department of Nutrition for Health and Development.
WHO. (2017). Stunted Growth and Development Genave. Article, 6(1–38). https://www.who.int/nutrition/childhood_stunting_framework_leaflet_en.pdf
Wilson-Jones, M., Smith, K., Jones, D., Hamilton, H., Richardson, L., MacIntyre, A., Gautam, O. P., Harvey, E., & Northover, H. (2019). Response to “The implications of three major new trials for the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene on childhood diarrhea and stunting: A consensus statement” by Cumming et al. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1414-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31983/jnj.v8i1.9377
Article Metrics
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
JENDELA NURSING JOURNAL is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.