The Influence of the Knowledge about Cariogenic Food Towards Dental Caries and Nutrition Status among 9-11 Years Old Children

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Anak usia sekolah mempunyai resiko tinggi mengalami karies. Salah satu faktor risiko penyebab karies gigi yaitu status gizi. Makanan kariogenik selain berdampak pada status karies gigi juga berdampak terjadinya masalah pada status gizi anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik terhadap status karies gigi dan status gizi pada anak usia 9-11 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian adalah SD N Baturan II dan SD N Tuguran, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman,  Yogyakarta. Populasi adalah Siswa Sekolah Dasar di kecamatan Gamping, Sleman. Sampel Penelitian yaitu siswa kelas 3 dan 4 sebanyak 100 anak yang diambil dengan purposive sampling. Variabel pengaruh adalah pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik, dan variabel terpengaruh adalah status karies gigi dan status gizi anak.  Pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik diukur menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan status karies gigi menggunakan indeks DMF-t, dan pengukuran status gizi anak IMT (BB/TB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  tingkat pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik dalam kategori baik (55%). Status karies gigi anak sebagian besar dalam kategori rendah (89%). Status gizi anak sebagian besar dalam kategori normal (73%). Analisa uji Spearman Rank menunjukkan semakin baik pengetahuan anak, maka semakin baik pula status gizinya, serta semakin rendah status karies gigi anak, maka status gizi anak semakin baik. Kesimpulannya ada pengaruh pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik terhadap status karies gigi dan status gizi pada anak. Semakin baik pengetahuan anak tentang makanan kariogenik, maka semakin baik pula status karies dan status gizi anak.

Kata kunci : pengetahuan makanan kariogenik, karies, status gizi

ABSTRACT

School children have a high risk of experiencing caries. One of the risk factors for dental caries is nutritional status. Cariogenic food could  impact the dental caries status and also the child's nutritional status. This study wanted to know the effect of children's knowledge about cariogenic food on dental caries and nutritional status among  9-11 years old children.This was an observational study with cross sectional design. The study locations were SD N Baturan II and SD N Tuguran, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta on April to August 2018. The sampleswere 100 students. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The influence variable was the child's knowledge of cariogenic food, and the affected variables werechildren’s dental caries and nutritional status. Children's knowledge of cariogenic food was measured using a questionnaire, examination of dental caries status using the DMF-T index, and measurement of BMI nutritional status (BB/TB). The results showed the level of children's knowledge about cariogenic food in good category (55.1%). Children's dental caries status was mostly in the low category (89%). Child nutrition status was mostly in the normal category (73%). Analysis of the Spearman Rank test showed that the better the children's knowledge about cariogenic food, the better the nutritional status, and the lower the dental caries status.The conclusion of this study is that there is influence of children's knowledge about cariogenic food on dental caries and nutritional status. The better the child's knowledge of cariogenic food, the better the caries status and nutritional status of the child.

Keywords: cariogenic food knowledge, dental caries status, nutritional status