Perbedaan Kadar TNF-α pada Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru Sebelum dan Sesudah Satu Bulan Terapi Obat Anti Tuberkulosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31983/jlm.v7i1.12789Kata Kunci:
Tuberkulosis Paru, Obat Anti Tuberkulosis, TNF-αAbstrak
 Tuberkulosis paru adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pasien yang terdiagnosis tuberkulosis paru akan menjalani terapi Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) selama enam bulan. Pada dua bulan pertama yang disebut fase intensif, pasien diberikan kombinasi OAT berupa isoniazid, rifampisin, ethambutol, dan pirazinamid. TNF-α adalah sitokin proinflamasi yang berperan penting dalam pembentukan granuloma untuk menahan penyebaran bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar TNF-α pada penderita tuberkulosis paru sebelum dan sesudah satu bulan terapi OAT. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kohort prospektif tanpa pembanding. Total sampel yang digunakan adalah 17 pasien tuberkulosis paru yang baru didiagnosis di Puskesmas Bangetayu, Kedungmundu, dan Tlogosari Wetan, Kota Semarang. Kadar TNF-α pada sampel serum diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Rerata kadar TNF-α sebelum terapi OAT adalah 110.09±100,48 pg/mL, sedangkan setelah satu bulan terapi OAT, kadarnya menurun menjadi 90,05±60,12 pg/mL. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Mann-Whitney menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,228 (> 0,05), yang berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TNF-α yang signifikan secara statistik antara sebelum dan sesudah satu bulan terapi OAT. Namun, secara rerata terlihat adanya penurunan kadar TNF-α meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik, yang dapat mengindikasikan adanya respons awal terhadap terapi OAT. Saran dari peneliti, untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih representatif dan signifikan secara statistik, disarankan dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar serta pemantauan kadar TNF-α dalam jangka waktu terapi yang lebih panjang, seperti hingga akhir fase intensif atau akhir terapi OAT.
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