Jaringan Laboratorium Medis

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): November 2026
Original Articles

Characteristics of Irregular Antibodies in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at the Referral Laboratory of the Semarang City Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit

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  • Iin Desmiany Duri,
  • Hilari Rio Rosa,
  • S.Y Didik Widiyanto,
  • Putri Wulandari,
  • Mutia Syafira,
  • Rina Puspita
Iin Desmiany Duri
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Hilari Rio Rosa
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
S.Y Didik Widiyanto
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Putri Wulandari
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Mutia Syafira
Politeknik Bina Trada Semarang
Rina Puspita
Politeknik Bina Trada Semarang
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31983/jlm.v8i2.15541

Published 2026-10-01

Keywords

  • Chronic Kidney Disease,
  • Hemodialysis,
  • Antibody Screening,
  • Blood Transfusion

How to Cite

Iin Desmiany Duri, Rosa, H. R., S.Y Didik Widiyanto, Putri Wulandari, Mutia Syafira, & Rina Puspita. (2026). Characteristics of Irregular Antibodies in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at the Referral Laboratory of the Semarang City Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit . Jaringan Laboratorium Medis, 8(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.31983/jlm.v8i2.15541

Copyright (c) 2026 Jaringan Laboratorium Medis

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are highly susceptible to severe anemia and frequently require repeated long-term blood transfusions. This therapeutic intervention exposes patients to non-ABO foreign red blood cell antigens, potentially triggering alloimmunization through the formation of irregular antibodies. These antibodies may compromise transfusion safety and complicate compatibility testing (crossmatching) in transfusion laboratories. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and specificity of irregular antibodies among CKD patients at the Referral Laboratory of the Blood Donor Unit, Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) Semarang City. This descriptive quantitative study analyzed secondary laboratory records from 55 CKD patients collected between July 2020 and September 2025. Immunohematological data included ABO and Rh blood grouping, antibody screening using the Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT), and antibody identification using a 10-cell red blood cell panel. The results showed that most participants were aged 40–60 years (50.9%), with blood group O being the most prevalent (36.4%). Of the total samples, 17 patients (30.9%) tested positive for irregular antibody screening. Further antibody identification detected Anti-M (MNS blood group system) in two cases (11.8%) and Anti-e (Rh blood group system) in two cases (11.8%). The majority of positive cases (13 patients; 76.4%) demonstrated non-specific antibody reactions. Most non-specific results are thought to be associated with the potential presence of autoantibodies, particularly in patients with a positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face a relatively high risk of developing irregular antibodies. This condition creates a masking effect that conceals other alloantibodies and leads to major incompatibility during crossmatching. Therefore, it is recommended that reference laboratories routinely employ adsorption techniques to ensure the safety of blood for transfusion.

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