A A Systematic Literature Review of Self-Efficacy and Spiritual Resources in Pregnancy Anxiety: An Integrative Perspective for Maternal Mental Health and Midwifery Care

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Published Jun 12, 2026
https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v16i1.14405
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Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): April 2026

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Nurul Jannah
Department of Psychology, Doctoral Program University Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Sri Lestari
Department of Psychology, Doctoral Program University Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia
Lisnawati Ruhaena
Department of Psychology, Doctoral Program University Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Pregnancy-related anxiety is a common maternal mental health concern with important implications for maternal well-being and obstetric outcomes. Although self-efficacy and spiritual resources have been identified as protective factors, the available evidence remains fragmented. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize and integrate evidence on self-efficacy and spiritual resources in relation to pregnancy-related anxiety within maternal mental health care. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of Scopus and Google Scholar identified 16 eligible studies published between 2010 and 2025. The findings show that higher maternal, parental, or childbirth self-efficacy is associated with lower pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth, with interventional studies demonstrating self-efficacy as a modifiable and mediating factor. Spiritual well-being and positive religious coping were also associated with reduced pregnancy anxiety, although evidence was limited to cross-sectional designs. No study examined self-efficacy and spiritual resources simultaneously within a single analytical model or intervention. This review consolidates fragmented evidence into a resource-oriented, integrative framework that informs holistic antenatal and midwifery mental health care and guides future longitudinal and interventional research.


 

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Jannah, N., Lestari , S., & Ruhaena, L. (2026). A A Systematic Literature Review of Self-Efficacy and Spiritual Resources in Pregnancy Anxiety: An Integrative Perspective for Maternal Mental Health and Midwifery Care. JURNAL KEBIDANAN, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v16i1.14405

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