Exclusive Breastfeeding and Children’s Gross Motor and Language Development Using the Denver II

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##

Published Jun 12, 2026
https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v16i1.13983
Download
PDF 90-95
Statistic
Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): April 2026

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Rini Mustikasari Kurnia Pratama
Universitas Bengkulu
Damayanti
Universitas Bengkulu
Neng Kurniati
Universitas Bengkulu
Innas Tiara Ardhiani
Universitas Bengkulu

Abstract

Child development is influenced by multiple factors, including exclusive breastfeeding. Previous studies have shown that 50.5% of infants who receive exclusive breastfeeding demonstrate good developmental outcomes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and gross motor and language development in infants aged up to 6 months using the Denver II screening test. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at Bentiring Health Center, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City, which had the highest exclusive breastfeeding coverage in the area, with a population of 228 infants. The sampling technique used purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a total sample of 23 infants. The Denver II screening test was used to assess development. Data were analysed using the chi-square test. Most exclusively breastfed infants had normal gross motor development, namely 15 children (65.2%). The analysis showed a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and gross motor development, with a significance value of 0.000. In the language domain, most exclusively breastfed infants also showed normal development, namely 15 children (65.2%). However, the analysis showed no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and language development, with a significance value of 0.111. In conclusion, exclusive breastfeeding was associated with gross motor development but not with language development. In addition to exclusive breastfeeding, parents should provide appropriate stimulation to support their children’s gross motor and language development and to optimise overall development.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Pratama, R. M. K., Damayanti, Neng Kurniati, & Innas Tiara Ardhiani. (2026). Exclusive Breastfeeding and Children’s Gross Motor and Language Development Using the Denver II. JURNAL KEBIDANAN, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v16i1.13983

References

  1. [1] A. Okbay Güneş, N. Karadağ, and G. Karatekin, “The Effect of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy on Infants’ Weights and Breastfeeding Outcomes,” Turkish Arch. Pediatr., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 588–593, 2023, doi: 10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2023.23113.
  2. [2] BPS, “Persentase Bayi Usia Kurang Dari 6 Bulan Yang Mendapatkan Asi Eksklusif Menurut Provinsi,” 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTM0MCMy/persentase-bayi-usia-kurang-dari-6-bulan-yang-mendapatkan-asi-eksklusif-menurut-provinsi.html
  3. [3] F. Nabila, “Perbedaan Perkembangan Motorik Halus Pada Bayi 0-6 Bulan Yang diberikan ASI Eksklusif dan Non ASI Eksklusif,” IJMT Indones. J. Midwifery Today, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2025.
  4. [4] I. Bello-guerrero, “Desarrollo infantil en niños con lactancia materna exclusiva,” vol. 63, no. 2, 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14617105.
  5. [5] S. Maemunah and R. S. Sari, “ASI Eksklusif Dengan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Bayi Usia 1-6 Bulan,” Adi Husada Nurs. J., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 69–76, 2022.
  6. [6] I. Goldshtein et al., “Breastfeeding Duration and Child Development.,” JAMA Netw. open, vol. 8, no. 3, p. e251540, 2025, doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.1540.
  7. [7] W. Frankenburg and et al, “The Denver Developmental Screening Test,” J. Pediatr., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 181–191, 1967, [Online]. Available: https://www.jpeds.com/article/S0022-3476(67)80070-2/abstract
  8. [8] W. Frankenburg and et al, “The Denver II: A Major Revision and Restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test,” Pediatrics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 91–97, 1992, [Online]. Available: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/89/1/91/57343/The-Denver-II-A-Major-Revision-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  9. [9] Y. S. Risdania Rifqa Afrida, “Hubungan pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap perkembangan bayi: A systematic literature review,” Holistik J. Kesehat., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 795–803, 2024.
  10. [10] A. S. M. Adela, D. Ariany, and S. Suciaty, “HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BAYI USIA 0–6 BULAN DI INDONESIA,” Med. Alkhairaat J. Penelit. Kedokt. dan Kesehat., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 94–98, 2021.
  11. [11] A. P. P. Azwaldi, H. D. L. Damanik, and I. Erman, Penilaian Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Model Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) II. Lembaga Chakra Brahmana Lentera, 2021.
  12. [12] L. Lailatulrohmah, “Program Rutin Pemeriksaan Perkembangan Anak Dengan Menggunakan Alat Ddst Ii,” J. LENTERA, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22–35, 2024.
  13. [13] F. Nabila, “Perbedaan Perkembangan Motorik Halus Pada Bayi 0-6 Bulan Yang diberikan ASI Eksklusif dan Non ASI Eksklusif,” IJMT Indones. J. Midwifery Today, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 8–15, 2024.
  14. [14] N. Oktaviani, R. Damailia, and H. Garna, “Manfaat Asi Eksklusif dalam Pencegahan Penyakit Infeksi pada Anak: Kajian Pustaka,” in Bandung Conference Series: Medical Science, 2022, pp. 940–946.
  15. [15] D. Hasriyana and E. Surani, “Pentingnya Memberikan Asi Ekslusif Untuk Kehidupan Bayi Dalam Perspektif Islam dan Kesehatan; Literatur Review,” SALAM J. Sos. Dan Budaya Syar-I, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1435–1448, 2021.
  16. [16] M. MISNIARTI and S. R. I. HARYANI, “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Dalam Melakukan Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang Pada Anak Toddler Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kabupaten Rejang Lebong,” J. Nurs. Public Heal., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 103–111, 2022.
  17. [17] J. C. Kent, E. Ashton, C. M. Hardwick, A. Rea, K. Murray, and D. T. Geddes, “Causes of perception of insufficient milk supply in Western Australian mothers,” Matern. Child Nutr., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021, doi: 10.1111/mcn.13080.
  18. [18] K. E. Lyons, C. A. Ryan, E. M. Dempsey, R. P. Ross, and C. Stanton, “Breast milk, a source of beneficial microbes and associated benefits for infant health.,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1–30, 2020, doi: 10.3390/nu12041039.
  19. [19] R. R. W. Perdani, D. M. W. Purnama, N. Afifah, A. I. Sari, and S. Fahrieza, “Hubungan stimulasi ibu dengan perkembangan anak usia 0-3 tahun di Kelurahan Penengahan Raya Kecamatan Kedaton Bandar Lampung,” Sari Pediatr., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 304–310, 2021.
  20. [20] V. F. Silaban, R. E. Harefa, R. F. B. Sinaga, and R. S. S. B. Simamora, “Pengaruh Tummy Time Exercise Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar dan Durasi Lama Mengangkat Kepala Pada Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan di Klinik Pratama Ika Medan,” Malahayati Nurs. J., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2188–2199, 2024.
  21. [21] A. F. N. Wahidah and E. Latipah, “Pentingnya mengetahui perkembangan bahasa anak usia dini dan stimulasinya,” J. Pendidik., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 44–62, 2021.
  22. [22] M. Julizar and M. Muslim, “Efektifitas Asi Eksklusif Pada Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Bayi Di Syamtalira Aron, Aceh Utara,” JOMIS (Journal Midwifery Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 62–68, 2021.
  23. [23] A. Rusmin, R. S. Iswati, and D. A. C. Rosyida, “Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Berhubungan dengan Pertumbuhan Gigi dan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar pada Bayi Usia 6-18 Bulan,” WOMB Midwifery J., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 34–41, 2024.
  24. [24] N. Hidayati and D. A. Astuti, “Perkembangan Motorik Kasar dengan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif: Scoping Review,” J. Ilmu Kesehat. Masy., vol. 13, no. 01, pp. 1–7, 2024.
  25. [25] I. Ribka, “Pengaruh Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Pada Perkembangan Motorik Halus dan Motorik Kasar Bayi Usia 6 Bulan,” J. Keperawatan Notokusumo, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20–32, 2021.
  26. [26] A. A. Tenry, I. Dewi, and N. R. Anisa, “Pengaruh Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Terhadap Capaian Perkembangan Bayi Usia 7-12 Bulan Dengan Ddst II,” JIMPK J. Ilm. Mhs. Penelit. Keperawatan, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 46–53, 2023.

Most read articles by the same author(s)