Evaluating The Effectiveness of The PMTCT Program at RSUD Jayapura: A Mixed Method Study

Muji Lestari, Sri Wahyuni

Abstract


At RSUD Jayapura, from 2021 to 2023, 62 babies were born to HIV-positive mothers. However, no prior study has evaluated whether all these babies were tested for HIV. Babies born directly into the delivery room without passing through the VCT clinic often face challenges in follow-up, especially with high dropout rates in the Prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) program.  This study aimed to evaluate HIV transmission in babies enrolled in the PMTCT program at RSUD Jayapura and assess the involvement of healthcare providers (doctors, midwives, nurses, counselors, and lab technicians) in the program. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative (case-control design) and qualitative (content analysis of in-depth interviews). The quantitative sample included 64 babies born to HIV-positive mothers who participated in the PMTCT program from 2021 to 2023. The qualitative sample comprised 5 healthcare providers involved in the program. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests for quantitative analysis and content analysis for qualitative data. Chi-Square analysis showed a significant association with a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) and an Odds Ratio (OR) of 217.000, indicating a strong impact of the PMTCT program in preventing HIV transmission. In-depth interviews with the VCT head revealed many cases were lost to follow-up, especially those whose families moved out of the city. Babies who remained in the area were mostly HIV-negative by 18 months. Interviews with midwives highlighted that HIV-positive mothers with low viral loads typically delivered via caesarean section, though they faced delayed wound healing and higher infection risks. No discrimination was observed in room usage for HIV-positive mothers.


Keywords


HIV; PMTCT; Newborn

Full Text:

PDF

References


M. Hastuty, S. Syahda, and E. Erlinawati, “Penyuluhan Pencegahan Penularan Penyakit Hiv Aids Dari Ibu Ke Anak Menuju Three Zero 2030 Di Puskesmas Kuok,” Community Dev. J. J. Pengabdi. Masy., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1525–1528, 2024.

Kemenkes RI, Laporan Perkembangan HIV AIDS dan Penyakit Infeksi Menular Seksual (PIMS) Triwulan I Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2023.

UNAIDS, Global HIV and AIDS Statistics “Global HIV and AIDS Statistics.” UNAIDS, 2022.

Kemenkes RI, Pedoman Pencegahan Penularan HIV Dari Ibu Ke Anak,. Jakarta: Project Informed Perspective, 2013.

N. A. L. Nurjanah and T. Y. M. Wahyono, “Tantangan Pelaksanaan Program Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT): Systematic Review,” J. Kesehat. Vokasional, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 55, 2019, doi: 10.22146/jkesvo.41998.

M. Widjajanti, “Evaluasi Program Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission(PMTCT) di RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta,” Sari Pediatr., vol. 14, no. 3, p. 167, 2016, doi: 10.14238/sp14.3.2012.167-72.

R. Ratnawati, “Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antiretroviral Di Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya Sehati Madiun (Factors Affecting Adherance of Taking Antiretroviral Drugs in Sebaya Sehati Groups Madiun),” J. Nurs. Care Biomol., vol. 2, no. 2, p. 110, 2018, doi: 10.32700/jnc.v2i2.52.

S. W. Astutik, A. Suryoputro, and Z. Shaluhiyah, “Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (Pmvct) : Literature Review,” J. Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 236, 2021, doi: 10.26751/jikk.v12i2.981.

L. P. Widayanti, “Evaluasi PMTCT (Prevention Mother To Child Transmission) pada IRT dengan HIV di Jatim,” J. Heal. Sci. Prev., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 32–41, 2020, doi: 10.29080/jhsp.v4i1.310.

T. Nyamhanga, G. Frumence, and D. Simba, “Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in Tanzania: assessing gender mainstreaming on paper and in practice,” Health Policy Plan., vol. 32, no. July, pp. v22–v30, 2017, doi: 10.1093/heapol/czx080.

et al D. K. Gathara, F. A. Munywoki, P. D. Abubakar, “Effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions in pregnant women: a cohort study in Kenya,” J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., vol. 82, no. No 1, p. pp 1-8, 2019.

R. G. Pillay, N. M. Boulle, J. L. Mouton, et al., “Reducing HIV mother-to-child transmission with antiretroviral therapy: a South African cohort study,” Lancet HIV, vol. 7, no. 7, p. pp e501-510, 2020.

et al C. K. Kabeya, E. M. N. Chamunda, S. M. Bowa, “Option B+ strategy for PMTCT: The Zambian experience,” AIDS Res. Ther., vol. 18, no. 1, p. p 45, 2021.

M. J. Singh, V. N. Basu, and S. S. Singh, “Barriers to PMTCT program adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review,” AIDS Care, vol. 32, no. 10, p. pp 1289-1299, 2020.

R. K. Patel, J. S. Sundararajan, and P. M. Gupta, “Improving adherence to PMTCT programs through community-based interventions in India,” Glob. Health Action, vol. 14, no. 1, p. pp 1757758, 2021.

and A. S. M. A. J. L. Nyarko, A. M. L. Kwabena, “Effect of mHealth interventions on the adherence to ART among HIV-positive pregnant women in Kenya,” Int. J. Heal. Syst. Policy, vol. 10, no. 6, p. pp 350-357, 2021.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v14i2.12417

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 314
Download PDF : 116

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Abstracted/Indexed by:

Creative Commons License

Jurnal Kebidanan by http://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jurkeb is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 

View My Stats aw