THE EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF PORK (SUS BARBATUS) ON BLOOD PRESSURE, HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL

Pork is a very difficult meat to digest because it contains a lot of fat and pork causes many diseases, namely hardening of the arteries, increased blood pressure, excruciating chest pain (angina pectoris) and inflammation of the joints and if pork is consumed it can affect the organs in the body. This study aims to determine the effect of pork consumption on blood pressure, hemoglobin levels and total cholesterol levels. This research was conducted on people who often consume pork in Baun village, Amarasi Barat sub-district, with as many as 51 respondents consisting of 20 males and 31 females. Based on the results of the study, it is known that people who often consume pork 3 to 4 times a month have hemoglobin levels within normal limits with a percentage of 66.67%, blood pressure tends to be high with a percentage of 47.06% and high total cholesterol levels with a percentage of 53%. So it can be conclude that consuming pork can increase cholesterol levels in the body blood.


Introduction
Food in Indonesia is the most basic need for humans, so the availability of food needs serious attention both in quantity and quality. Pork is a very difficult meat to digest because it contains a lot of fat. Although tender and looks so delicious and delicious, pork is difficult to digest. In addition, pork causes many diseases, namely hardening of the arteries, increased blood pressure, chest pain (angina pectoris) and inflammation of the joints (Annisa, 2019).
Pork is one type of fatty meat that is often consumed (Purwati, 2020). One of the diseases that a person can experience when consuming saturated fat foods in excess is an increase in blood pressure. Pork has many ingredients that can harm the human body, and if pork is consumed it can affect the organs in the body, even the organs that play an important role can affect when pork is consumed. The organ that is most susceptible to damage if the food consumed has a high-fat content, namely the heart, because the main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body (Sudatri et al, 2016).
Among all animal meats, pork is the dirtiest food consumed by humans (Qamar & Raza, 2012). Scientific evidence proves that most unhealthy pork has various harmful agents such as Cholesterol and Fatty Acids, Bacteria and Toxins and many parasites. Pork is high in fat and cholesterol which causes cardiovascular disease, obesity, and colon cancer incidence which is associated with pork consumption. Pork is difficult to digest and can cause chronic indigestion. Pimples, boils, and cysts are commonly found in pork eaters. The excretory system of pigs excretes 2 percent of their uric acid which is harmful to human health (Qamar & Raza, 2012).
Foods that contain fatty acids play the most role in increasing blood cholesterol levels. Saturated fat is known to be found in many animal foods such as meat, chicken and fatty milk. In addition to saturated fat, dietary fiber is also associated with blood cholesterol levels. Fiber has a good effect on blood cholesterol (Soelistijan, 2002).
Blood pressure is the pressure that is distinguished by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels which is one of the principal vital signs. Blood pressure is measured quickly using a sphygnomanometer, the normal blood pressure reading is 120/80 mm Hg (Dita, 2016). Increased blood pressure (hypertension) itself is a degenerative disease that is a serious problem today. Hypertension is categorized as the silent disease because the patient does not know he has hypertension or does not know before checking his blood pressure (Purwati, 2020). Meat is a source of iron which plays a role in the formation of hemoglobin. The synthesis of hemoglobin requires the availability of sufficient iron and protein in the body. Protein plays a role in transporting iron to the bone marrow to form new hemoglobin molecules, so that a lack of iron intake can inhibit the formation of hemoglobin (Juli and Hidayati, 2019). However, according to Purwati (2020), consuming pork in large quantities and often can cause atherosclerosis, namely the occurrence of fat blockages in the blood vessels and make blood pressure increase.
One of the animal foodstuffs that have high nutritional value and can be processed into various types of preparations, which are sticky and nutritious is meat. Meat contains protein, water, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. For certain people in Indonesia, pork is often consumed to meet protein needs. Most of the people of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) raise pigs to support the fulfillment of their daily needs. In this regard, various efforts have been made to increase the production and quality of pork (Dai Tana et al, 2015). In East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) pigs are a commodity that contributes the largest consumption of meat compared to other animals (Bulu, et al., 2019) Pork is one of the livestock products consumed by the community, because it contains nutritional elements such as carbohydrates, protein vitamins and minerals (Yana, 2016).
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one area with a high level of pork consumption. Based on the results of RISKESDAS in (2018), hypertension in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province reached 7.2% or 76,130 cases. This figure places hypertension as the fourth highest disease in NTT province (Sakinah, et al., 2020). Based on this background, the researchers examined the Effect of Consumption of Pork (Sus Barbatus) on Blood Pressure, Hemoglobin Levels and Total Cholesterol Levels.

Method
This type of research is a cross-sectional analytic study with the aim of knowing the effect of consumption of pork (Sus Barbatus) on blood pressure, hemoglobin levels and total cholesterol levels. This research was conducted for approximately 3 weeks in people who met the criteria and were willing to become respondents by visiting the houses of the respondents. The inclusion criteria are people who consume pork and people who are willing to have blood drawn. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling, where this technique will later be used to take samples according to the criteria determined by the researcher (Swarjana, 2015). The research data obtained is processed The data from the analysis results are presented in the form of narratives and frequency distribution tables.
The population studied were those who met the criteria and were willing to become respondents in this study with a total of 51 respondents. Measurement of hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels using Nesco Multi Check 2 with POCT method and blood pressure measurement using a sphignomanometer. A stethoscope is used to hear Korotkoff's voice when measuring blood pressure. In the use of an automatic sphygmomanometer cuff, a stethoscope is not required (Maharani, 2016). The POCT method is a simple examination method using small, easy, fast and effective samples to be carried out in areas with relatively few health facilities such as puskesmas and hospitals (Nidianti, et al., 2019).
In this study, an examination of hemoglobin levels, total cholesterol and blood pressure was carried out in people who often consume pork in Baun Village, Amarasi Barat District, precisely in Teunbaun Village, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted for approximately 3 weeks on people who meet the criteria and are willing to become respondents by visiting the respondents' homes.
According to Tambunan., et al (2021) the classification of blood pressure is as follows:

Result and Discussion
The results of this study showed that 51 respondents who often consumed pork consisted of 20 male respondents or male respondents and 31 female respondents aged 25 to 65 years. This shows that women consume pork more often than men. The results of this study also show that people generally consume pork 4 to 5 times a month.  Table 2 shows that respondents who have low hemoglobin levels are 6 respondents with a percentage of 11.76%, respondents who have normal hemoglobin levels are 34 respondents with a percentage of 66.67% and respondents who have high hemoglobin levels are 11 respondents with a percentage 21.57% of the total 51 respondents. From the description above, it can be seen that most of the people who eat pork have normal hemoglobin levels.
Hemoglobin is a dye found in red blood which is used to transport oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the body (Nugroho.,et al 2022). This result is not in line with Agustina's research (2020), namely if the food consumed contains a lot of Fe or iron, the blood cells produced will increase so that the hemoglobin in the blood increases and vice versa. In pork there are various kinds of nutrients, in pork there is a high protein content also contains important vitamins and minerals. The mineral content is thiamine, selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, to iron. (Maiyena and Mawarnis, 2022). The iron content in meat can affect a person's hemoglobin level because the iron (Fe) component in meat is a micro mineral compound that has an essential function in the body to transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, transport electrons in cells, and play a role in various enzyme reactions. (Alegantina.,et al 2018).  Table 3 shows that respondents who have normal cholesterol levels are 9 respondents with a percentage of 17.6%, respondents who have total cholesterol levels within the High Threshold are 15 respondents with a percentage of 29.4% and respondents who have high total cholesterol levels are as many as 27 respondents with a percentage of 53% of the total 51 respondents. From the description above, it can be seen that most of the people who eat pork have high total cholesterol levels.
Foods that contain saturated fatty acids play the most role in raising blood cholesterol levels. Saturated fat is known to be abundant in animal source foods such as meat, chicken and fatty milk. In addition to saturated fat, dietary fiber is also associated with blood cholesterol levels (Annisa, 2019).
Pork has many ingredients that can harm the human body, and if pork is consumed it can affect the organs in the body, even organs that play an important role can affect when pork is consumed. The organ that is most susceptible to damage if the food consumed has a high fat content, namely the heart, because the main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body (Sudatri et al, 2016). Scientific evidence proves that most unhealthy pork has various harmful agents such as Cholesterol and Fatty Acids, Bacteria and Toxins and a number of parasites. Pork is high in fat and cholesterol which causes cardiovascular disease, obesity, the incidence of colon cancer which is associated with pork consumption (Qamar & Raza, 2012).  Table 4 the results of this study show that from 51 respondents who consumed pork, 6 respondents (11.76%), then 21 respondents (41.18%) had normal blood pressure and 24 respondents ( 47.06%) experienced an increase in blood pressure. It can be seen that most of the respondents have high blood pressure. The results of this study are in line with Purwati's research (2019) where people who consume pork experience an increase in blood pressure, both those who consume wild boar and raised pork.
Factors that influence changes in blood pressure are heredity, age, gender, physical and psychological stress, obesity (obesity), unhealthy eating, high salt consumption, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, caffeine consumption, other diseases, and smoking. (Sasmalinda, (2013). Even though meat is highly nutritious, it is difficult to digest because it contains a lot of saturated fat. In addition, pork can cause several diseases such as hardening of the arteries, increased blood pressure (hypertension), gripping chest pain (angina pectoris) and inflammation of the joints (Annisa, 2019). the function of the body's organs will experience disturbances such as disturbances in the process of forming urine in the kidneys or the formation of cerebrospinal fluid and others (Anggara and Prayitno, 2013).