Empathy Training for Reducing Bullying Behavior among Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Authors

  • Rohman Hikmat Master of Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-0146
  • Iyus Yosep Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Taty Hernawaty Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Suryani Suryani Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Ai Mardhiyah Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Efri Widianti Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Indra Maulana Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Imas Rafiyah Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Titin Sutini Universitas Padjadjaran
  • Aat Sriati Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31983/jnj.v9i1.10524

Keywords:

adolescents, bullying, empathy training

Abstract

Background: Bullying is a serious problem in adolescents. The negative impact of bullying is the occurrence of physical and psychological problems in adolescents. These problems can be prolonged and lead to criminal behavior in adolescents. Empathy is one of the aspects that influence bullying behavior.

Purpose: to describe empathy training in reducing bullying behavior in adolescents.

Method: This research design used a scoping review. Searching strategy used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review with major keywords are empathy training, bullying, and adolescents. The databases used were CINAHL, PubMed, and google scholar. The inclusion criteria used were original research, quasi experiment design, publication period of the last 10 years (2012-2022), and using English. Data analysis used a descriptive approach.

Results and Discussion: The authors found 5 articles that discuss empathy therapy in reducing bullying behavior significantly (p value <0.05). Empathy therapy is carried out with discussion activities, role playing, counseling, and using empathy therapy modules. This intervention is carried out by involving the teacher as a companion during the intervention process.

Conclusion: Empathy therapy needs to be given to the perpetrator or victim so that repeated bullying behavior does not occur in adolescents. So that empathy therapy can be a reference for schools and health workers in preventing bullying in students at school.

References

Agley, J., Jun, M., Eldridge, L., Agley, D. L., Xiao, Y., Sussman, S., Golzarri-Arroyo, L., Dickinson, S. L., Jayawardene, W., & Gassman, R. (2021). Effects of ACT Out! Social Issue Theater on Social-Emotional Competence and Bullying in Youth and Adolescents: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 8(1), e25860. https://doi.org/10.2196/25860

Ang, R. P. (2022). Bullying Among Children and Youth in the Digital Age BT - Child Safety, Welfare and Well-being: Issues and Challenges (S. Deb (ed.); pp. 31–45). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9820-0_3

Axford, N., Bjornstad, G., Clarkson, S., Ukoumunne, O. C., Wrigley, Z., Matthews, J., Berry, V., & Hutchings, J. (2020). The effectiveness of the kiva bullying prevention program in Wales, UK: Results from a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01103-9

Bierman, K. L., Heinrichs, B. S., Welsh, J. A., & Nix, R. L. (2021). Reducing Adolescent Psychopathology in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Children With a Preschool Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(4), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030343

Bowes, L., Aryani, F., Ohan, F., Haryanti, R. H., Winarna, S., Arsianto, Y., Budiyawati, H., Widowati, E., Saraswati, R., Kristianto, Y., Suryani, Y. E., Ulum, D. F., & Minnick, E. (2019). The development and pilot testing of an adolescent bullying intervention in Indonesia - the ROOTS Indonesia program. Global Health Action, 12(1), 1656905. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1656905

Chatziioannidis, I., Bascialla, F. G., Chatzivalsama, P., Vouzas, F., & Mitsiakos, G. (2018). Prevalence, causes and mental health impact of workplace bullying in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit environment. BMJ Open, 8(2), e018766. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018766

Dewi, P. F. S. (2023). Pelatihan Empati Untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Bullying Pada Pelaku Bullying Siswa Smp. JIP (Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi), 15(1), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol15.iss1.art5

Díaz-Caneja, C. M., Martín-Babarro, J., Abregú-Crespo, R., Huete-Diego, M. Ã., Giménez-Dasí, M., Serrano-Marugán, I., & Arango, C. (2021). Efficacy of a Web-Enabled, School-Based, Preventative Intervention to Reduce Bullying and Improve Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 628984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.628984

Doane, A. N., Kelley, M. L., & Pearson, M. R. (2016). Reducing cyberbullying: A theory of reasoned action-based video prevention program for college students. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21610

Edwards, K. M., Banyard, V. L., Waterman, E. A., Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., Kollar, L. M. M., Hopfauf, S., & Simon, B. (2022). Evaluating the Impact of a Youth-Led Sexual Violence Prevention Program: Youth Leadership Retreat Outcomes. Prevention Science, 23(8), 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01343-x

Evangelio, C., Rodríguez-González, P., Fernández-Río, J., & Gonzalez-Villora, S. (2022). Cyberbullying in elementary and middle school students: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 176, 104356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104356

Farrell, A. H., Volk, A. A., & Vaillancourt, T. (2020). Empathy, Exploitation, and Adolescent Bullying Perpetration: a Longitudinal Social-Ecological Investigation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 42(3), 436–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09767-6

Fatimatuzzahro, A., & Suseno, M. N. (2017). Efektivitas Terapi Empati untuk Menurunkan Perilaku Bullying pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Empati, 7(3), 362 – 378.

Gaffney, H., Farrington, D. P., Espelage, D. L., & Ttofi, M. M. (2019). Are cyberbullying intervention and prevention programs effective? A systematic and meta-analytical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 134–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.002

Gao, L., Liu, C.-H., & Yin, X.-R. (2022). From pity to numbness: Social exclusion moderates the relationship between trait empathy and bystanders’ aggressive tendencies in cyberbullying. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(4), 1439–1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12544

Garaigordobil, M., & Martínez-Valderrey, V. (2015). Effects of Cyberprogram 2.0 on “face-to-face†bullying, cyberbullying, and empathy. Psicothema, 27(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2014.78

Garandeau, C. F., Laninga-Wijnen, L., & Salmivalli, C. (2021). Effects of the KiVa anti-bullying program on affective and cognitive empathy in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2020.1846541

Garandeau, C. F., Vartio, A., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2018). School bullies’ intention to change behavior following teacher interventions: Effects of empathy arousal, condemning of bullying, and blaming of the perpetrator. Prevention Science, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0712-x

Hutson, E., Kelly, S., & Militello, L. K. (2018). Systematic Review of Cyberbullying Interventions for Youth and Parents With Implications for Evidence-Based Practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 15(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12257

Jadambaa, A., Graves, N., Cross, D., Pacella, R., Thomas, H. J., Scott, J. G., Cheng, Q., & Brain, D. (2022). Economic Evaluation of an Intervention Designed to Reduce Bullying in Australian Schools. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 20(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-021-00676-y

Jantzer, V., Schlander, M., Haffner, J., Parzer, P., Trick, S., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2019). The cost incurred by victims of bullying from a societal perspective: estimates based on a German online survey of adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1224-y

Johander, E., Trach, J., Turunen, T., Garandeau, C. F., & Salmivalli, C. (2022). Intention to Stop Bullying following a Condemning, Empathy-Raising, or Combined Message from a Teacher – Do Students’ Empathy and Callous-Unemotional Traits Matter? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51(8), 1568–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01613-5

Juárez-Chávez, E., Cooney, E. E., Hidalgo, A., Sánchez, J., & Poteat, T. (2021). Violence Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence Among Gay Men and Transgender Women Living in Perú: A Qualitative Exploration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9–10), 4235–4255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518787811

Juvonen, J., Schacter, H. L., Sainio, M., & Salmivalli, C. (2016). Can a school-wide bullying prevention program improve the plight of victims? Evidence for risk × intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(4), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000078

Le, H. T. H., Tran, N., Campbell, M. A., Gatton, M. L., Nguyen, H. T., Dunne, M. P., Avşar, F., Ayaz Alkaya, S., Busch, V., Leeuw, J. R., Zuithoff, N. P., Yperen, T. A., Schrijvers, A. J., Kim, J. I., Walsh, E., Pike, K., Thompson, E. A., Scherman, V., Aghaei-Malekabadi, M., … Wilks, A. (2020). An Adaptation of the COPE Intervention for Adolescent Bullying Victimization Improved Mental and Physical Health Symptoms. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 19(4), 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1891/JNM-2021-0088

Lee, J., Cheung, H. S., Chee, G., & Chai, V. E. (2021). The Moderating Roles of Empathy and Attachment on the Association Between Latent Class Typologies of Bullying Involvement and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Singapore. School Mental Health, 13(3), 518–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-021-09411-3

Lee, J. H. (2018). Victimization by Bullying and Physical Symptoms Among South Korean Schoolchildren. Journal of School Nursing, 34(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517696962

Liu, X., Xiao, R., & Tang, W. (2022). The Impact of School-Based Mindfulness Intervention on Bullying Behaviors Among Teenagers: Mediating Effect of Self-Control. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(21–22), NP20459–NP20481. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211052047

Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2016). KiVa Anti-Bullying Program in Italy: Evidence of Effectiveness in a Randomized Control Trial. Prevention Science : The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 17(8), 1012–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0690-z

Palade, T., & Pascal, E. (2023). Reducing Bullying through Empathy Training: The Effect of Teacher’s Passive Presence. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030216

Peters, A., El-Ghaziri, M., Quinn, B., Simons, S., & Taylor, R. (2021). An Exploratory Study of Bullying Exposure Among School Nurses: Prevalence and Impact. Journal of School Nursing, 37(6), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840519897308

Peterson, J., Pearce, P. F., Ferguson, L. A., & Langford, C. A. (2017). Understanding scoping reviews: Definition, purpose, and process. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 29(1), 12–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12380

Sadeli, R. D. P., & Karneli, Y. (2022). Group Counseling’s Effectiveness Using Assertive Training to Reduce Bullying Victims’ Anxiety in High School. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(3), 2086–2092. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v2i3.304

Şahin, M. (2012). An investigation into the efficiency of empathy training program on preventing bullying in primary schools. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(7), 1325–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.03.013

Salin, D. (2021). Workplace Bullying and Culture: Diverse Conceptualizations and Interpretations BT - Dignity and Inclusion at Work (P. D’Cruz, E. Noronha, C. Caponecchia, J. Escartín, D. Salin, & M. R. Tuckey (eds.); pp. 513–538). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0218-3_18

Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Schultze, M., Zagorscak, P., Wölfer, R., & Scheithauer, H. (2016). Feeling cybervictims’ pain-The effect of empathy training on cyberbullying. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21613

Singla, D. R., Shinde, S., Patton, G., & Patel, V. (2021). The Mediating Effect of School Climate on Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial of a School-Wide Intervention. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 69(1), 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.030

Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Akl, E. A., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M. G., Garritty, C., … Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850

Walters, G. D., & Espelage, D. L. (2021). Cognitive/affective empathy, pro-bullying beliefs, and willingness to intervene on behalf of a bullied peer. Youth & Society, 53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X19858565

Ye, L., Shipley, E., & Lippmann, S. (2019). Transdermal clonidine for mitigating posttraumatic stress disorder in an adolescent. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 76(8), 487–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz021

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., & Mardhiyah, A. (2023a). School-Based Nursing Interventions for Preventing Bullying and Reducing Its Incidence on Students: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021577

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., & Mardhiyah, A. (2023b). Nursing Intervention for Preventing Cyberbullying and Reducing Its Negative Impact on Students: A Scoping Review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 261–273. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S400779

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Mardhiyah, A., Hazmi, H., & Hernawaty, T. (2022). Method of Nursing Interventions to Reduce the Incidence of Bullying and Its Impact on Students in School: A Scoping Review. Healthcare, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101835

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Mardhiyah, A., Kurniawan, K., & Amira, I. (2023). A Scoping Review of the Online Interventions by Nurses for Reducing Negative Impact of Bullying on Students. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 773–783. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S406050

You, S., Lee, J., Lee, Y., & Kim, A. Y. (2015). Bullying among Korean adolescents: The role of empathy and attachment. Psychology in the Schools, 52. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21842

Zych, I., & Llorent, V. J. (2019). Affective empathy and moral disengagement related to late adolescent bullying perpetration. Ethics & Behavior, 29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2018.1521282

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles